国产吻缝合器在超低位直肠癌根治术中的应用

目的：探讨国产吻、缝合器在超低位直肠前切除术中的应用。方法：对27例直肠癌患者行超低位直肠前切除,应用上海产金钟牌缝合器、吻合器,进行结肠－直肠吻合。结果：本组根治性切除25例（92．6％）;1例发生吻合口瘘,发生率为3．7％;吻合口狭窄3例,发生率为11．1％,均经保守治疗治愈。结论：合理使用国产缝合器、吻合器可完成超低位直肠癌的保肛手术,可达保肛、根治、降低费用、减少并发症的目的。     

Heroin in the United Kingdom: different forms, different origins, and the relationship to different routes of administration

Heroin exists in the United Kingdom in several different forms, which vary not only in their country of origin and purity, but also in their suitability for use by either injecting or by 'chasing the dragon'. The availability of these different forms of heroin has varied considerably over time. A review of the characteristics and availability of these various forms of heroin in recent years is presented, accompanied by consideration of their probable intended use by injection or by 'chasing the dragon'. Samples of black market heroin in the salt form are usually used by injection, whereas the base form is usually taken by 'chasing the dragon'. The heroin yield to the drug user from samples of heroin taken by 'chasing the dragon' varies according to its base or salt format and according to the presence of other drugs in the sample. Heroin samples from different countries of production mostly conform to either base or salt form. Novel approaches at the macro level to prevention and control of heroin-related problems through influence upon this complex heroin market-place should now be considered.     

An overview of hospital accreditation in Taiwan, Republic of China

This paper examines the hospital accreditation system in Taiwan, Republic of China. The paper describes the historical evolution of accreditation; preliminary teaching hospital accreditation; hospital and teaching hospital accreditation; issues and problems; and perspectives and challenges.     

Harnessing harm reduction in Australia: an interview with the Hon. Neal Blewett. Interview by Steve Allsop

The National Campaign Against Drug Abuse (NCADA) was established in April 1985. Aiming to provide a national framework to minimize the harmful consequences of drug use, the original 3-year programme was extended to 1997. A key figure in the NCADA, Dr Neal Blewett, was interviewed to gain his perspective on the development and implementation of the Campaign over its first 10 years.     

Ultrasound of femoral head cartilage: a new method of assessing bone age

This paper analyses the relationship between the thickness of the anterior femoral head cartilage (FHC), as measured by ultrasound, and some anthropometric parameters, such as height, weight, skeletal and chronological age. In addition, it provides standard norms for FHC thickness in a paediatric population. Both hips were examined in 213 consecutive subjects (99 boys and 114 girls), aged 1.9–14 years. Seventy-four subjects underwent hand and wrist X-rays for skeletal maturation: 32 of these were dropped from the study because a discrepancy as high as two standard deviations was found between their skeletal and their chronological age. The thickness of FHC correlated strongly with skeletal and chronological age, standing height and body weight. A side difference of 0.2 mm in FHC was considered to be abnormal. The study population was divided into 13 groups according to chronological age and values of FHC for boys and girls are provided for each group. It is suggested that the magnitude of hyaline FHC is a valuable feature in the evaluation of skeletal maturation in children.     

Experimental analysis of the human perception threshold of a DC electric field

To study the biological effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) electric fields, a fundamental study is conducted of the human perception threshold of an electric field. The perception threshold is measured with human subjects, and the results are analysed. It is clear that field perception is based on the movement of hair and not on other sensations. Variance in the perception threshold and its causes are investigated. The perception threshold decreases by almost 30% as the relative humidity increases from 50 to 90%. The perception threshold is also dependent on the physical condition (length and density) of the hair and the psychological condition (degree of awareness) of the subject. The dependence on these is much smaller than that on relative humidity. The cause of the gender difference in the threshold is ascribed to the difference in the physical condition of the hair. Through this study, some factors to be taken into account for the safety standard are made clear.     

甲苯咪唑微丸质量标准的研究

目的：建立对甲苯咪唑微丸进行定性鉴别和含量测定的方法。方法：采用薄层层析法进行定性鉴别,用紫外分光光度法进行含量测定。结果：含量测定方法平均回收率为１００．６％ , Ｒ Ｓ Ｄ＝ １．７２％ 。结论：所用方法简便可靠,可控制甲苯咪唑微丸的质量。     

透析前注射单剂量低分子量肝素对透析器复用效率的评价

目的：评价血液透 析前注射单剂量低 分子量肝素（ Ｌ Ｍ Ｗ Ｈ）与持续 输注普通肝素（ Ｓ Ｈ）对复用透析器 效率的影响。方法：对 ３０ 例慢性透 析患者进行随机交叉对照研究,观察第一、四次透析的透析器纤维包裹容量 （ Ｆ Ｂ Ｖ）、透析前血球压积 （ Ｈ Ｃ Ｔ）及透析 ２ ｈ 尿素氮、肌酐 清除率,另外,利用生色底物法测定透析 ０ ｈ、２ ｈ、４ｈ 血浆肝素抗 Ｆｘａ 水平。结果：同 Ｓ Ｈ 组比, Ｌ Ｍ Ｗ Ｈ 组透析器复用次数明显增加（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,第四次复用透析器 Ｆ Ｂ Ｖ 及透析 ２ ｈ 尿素氮、肌酐清除 率无明显 下降（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）, Ｓ Ｈ 组则明显 下降（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,透析 ２ ｈ 两组血浆肝素活性抗 Ｆｘａ 水平无明显差异（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,透析 ４ ｈ Ｌ Ｍ Ｗ Ｈ 组明显高于 Ｓ Ｈ 组（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。结论：透析前 单剂量注射 Ｌ Ｍ Ｗ Ｈ 能保护复用透析器清 除率,值得临床上进一步推广。     

Evaluation of studies of the relationship between blood lead and air lead

Summary An evaluation of the major studies of the effects of airborne lead on blood lead levels of male and female adult and child populations is presented. Analysis of these studies shows that the blood lead-air lead slope for adults is approximately 1.0 for both men and women. This implies that an exposure to an additional 1 g Pb/m³ of air can result in an increase of approximately 1 g Pb/100 ml of blood. The precision of the slope for adults is rarely better than ±0.5 to ±0.7 and can be as large as ±1.0. A large portion of this uncertainty in the calculated slope is due to blood lead measurement error. The slope of the blood lead-air lead response for children ranges from 0.7 to 1.4 and is approximately the same as that for adults. The accuracy of this number is less clear for children than adults due to the small data base. Many of the studies of children have been on populations living in the vicinity of smelters. It is questioned whether these data are representative of the air lead exposure of children living in urban and suburban communities.